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None of Jeff Kwong’s patients has asked him about the influenza vaccine yet this fall – but the family physician wants to make sure that getting vaccinated is on people’s radar.

That’s because influenza causes  12,200 hospitalizations and 3,500 deaths in Canada each year.

Moreover, public health officials are doubly concerned this season because of a strain of influenza circulating in wild birds and some agricultural animals. While the risk of avian influenza to the general population remains low, A H5N1 has nevertheless infected some humans who have close contact with sick animals.

“While current influenza vaccines don’t protect against avian influenza, they may reduce the risk of infection with human influenza viruses and therefore the possibility of both human and avian influenza viruses infecting someone at the same time,” says Kwong, an associate scientist at Sunnybrook Research Institute and professor at the ���߲ݴ�ý’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health. 

“These co-infections could create a new ‘version’ of influenza that might spread easily among humans and cause very severe disease.”

What is influenza?

Influenza is a respiratory disease that typically causes fever, cough and body aches. While many people recover from influenza within a week to 10 days, for some, an infection can cause severe illness.

“It’s a good idea for everyone aged six months or older to get an influenza vaccine, but it’s especially important for adults aged 65 years or older, pregnant people and individuals who have medical conditions that put them at higher risk of complications from influenza infection,” says Kwong, who is the associate director of U of T’s (CVPD), adding that medical conditions of concern include heart diseases, diabetes and even obesity.

The most common reason for not getting a flu shot is because they don’t think it’s necessary – a sentiment Natalie Crown, associate professor, teaching stream, in the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, has heard before.

“Sometimes people will tell me they don’t get vaccinated because they think they don’t need it – for example, they’ll say they are healthy and rarely get sick themselves,” says Crown, who is also a CVPD member. “The reality is getting the flu vaccine is one of most effective ways of protecting ourselves from the flu and its complications, and we are doing our part to protect the more vulnerable people around us who are at higher risk of developing complications from the flu.”

When to get the influenza vaccine 

The flu season doesn’t have a precise start and end date. , influenza season typically starts in December but can start as early as October or as late as February.

Influenza vaccines were first made available for high-risk individuals and then for the public, beginning in late October and early November.

Since antibodies generated by influenza vaccines gradually decrease over time, Kwong takes a strategic approach to timing his influenza vaccine – but notes that may not be the best approach for everyone.

“I tend to wait until around mid-November to get my influenza vaccine, so I will be protected in December when influenza activity often starts, and I can be fairly confident that the vaccine will still offer some protection up to May,” says Kwong. “However, for those at high risk, getting the influenza vaccine in late October is not a bad idea because occasionally influenza activity can start earlier than December.”

Where to get the influenza vaccine

Influenza vaccines are typically available at local community pharmacies, through primary care providers or at dedicated community clinics offered by public health units across the country.

Members of the U of T community can also visit ���߲ݴ�ý for more information on where to get influenza, as well as COVID-19, vaccines across the university’s three campuses.

Learn more about vaccines at ���߲ݴ�ý